Rediscovering the Lost Temples of Aphrodite and Amun in Egypt
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Chapter 1: The Submerged City of Heracleion
In the depths of the ancient port city of Heracleion, off the Egyptian coast, archaeologists have made remarkable discoveries, unearthing the remnants of two temples—one dedicated to the Greek goddess Aphrodite and the other to the Egyptian deity Amun.
Known historically as Thonis, Heracleion was a crucial Mediterranean port situated near Alexandria. This vibrant hub sank beneath the waves due to a catastrophic flood in the 2nd century BCE, with its ruins now resting approximately 7 kilometers offshore in Abu Kir Bay. Ancient Greek historians trace its origins back to the 12th century BCE, suggesting it thrived during the waning days of the pharaohs and into the Hellenistic period.
The Discovery of Temples
Until the late 20th century, Heracleion’s submerged ruins remained hidden. It wasn't until 2000 that French underwater archaeologist Franck Goddio uncovered these ancient treasures. After 23 years, researchers returned to this historical site, continuing to be captivated by its secrets. Among the finds were the remains of two distinct temples located in the southern region of the port, one aligned with Greek beliefs and the other with Egyptian traditions.
The Greek temple is thought to have been devoted to Aphrodite, the goddess associated with love, beauty, and fertility, often depicted with symbols like a chariot drawn by doves and various flowers. Conversely, the Egyptian temple was linked to Amun, a god representing the unseen forces of nature, fertility, and prosperity.
Explore the sunken temples of Aphrodite and Amun off Egypt's coast, revealing insights into ancient worship practices and architectural styles.
Sanctuaries Dedicated to Two Cultures
Archaeologists have identified the Greek temple through various artifacts, including bronze figurines of Aphrodite and ceramics from the era. According to researchers, this structure dates back to a time when Egyptian pharaohs reigned. "This finding is significant as it indicates that Greeks who were permitted to trade and settle during the 26th dynasty (664–525 BCE) established their own religious sites," noted experts from the European Institute of Underwater Archaeology.
During their latest explorations, they also uncovered remnants of weaponry, likely belonging to Greek mercenaries tasked with defending Canopus, an ancient city along the Mediterranean. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the temple dedicated to Amun met its end during the cataclysm that submerged Heracleion.
"Rising sea levels, coupled with earthquakes and subsequent tidal waves, resulted in the complete inundation of a vast stretch of the Nile Delta, engulfing Heracleion and its neighboring settlements," archaeologists explained.
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